Glossary · Five-factor model (FFM)

Five-factor model (FFM)

Synonym for Big Five. The personality framework most psychologists use, which Are We Friends? uses for matching.

The five-factor model (FFM) is the academic-literature name for the Big Five. The two terms refer to the same thing: a five-domain taxonomy of personality (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) plus the 30 facets underneath those domains.

"FFM" tends to appear in research papers and clinical contexts; "Big Five" is more common in popular writing and consumer products. Both are correct. Are We Friends? uses "Big Five" in member-facing copy and "five-factor model" or "FFM" in research-oriented or technical writing.

The model emerged independently from multiple research traditions in the 1980s — most notably the work of Costa & McCrae and the parallel lexical-tradition work of Goldberg — and is now the dominant framework in personality psychology, supplanting older systems like the 16PF and (in serious research) MBTI.

Related terms

← All glossary terms

Give it five minutes

Meet people who actually fit — and do something real.

Free tier, Big Five test, three matches nearby. No ads, ever.